<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church, also known as St. Pauls Episcopal Chapel, is an historic Carpenter Gothic church located at 14755 Oak Avenue, in Magnolia Springs, Alabama, United States. On September 25, 1988, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Land was donated for the church in the 1890s after devout residents held services in their homes and invited preachers from nearby towns. However, the construction lagged due to insufficient funds before construction began in 1901 and the church was consecrated by Bishop Robert Woodward Barnwell in 1902. The church was nearly destroyed by a hurricane in 1916 and was the only church in Magnolia Springs for nearly fifty years.</p><br>
<p>It is also included in the Magnolia Springs Historic District, as a contributing building.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church is an historic red brick Gothic Revival church located at 210 Lauderdale Street in Selma, Dallas County, Alabama, United States. The parish was established in 1838 and its original sanctuary building was burned on April 2, 1865 during the Battle of Selma, with credit for that act going to Union General James H. Wilson. The current building was designed by the famous New York City architectural firm of Richard Upjohn and was completed in 1875.</p><br>
<p>The interior features several Tiffany stained glass windows designed by parishioner and Selma native, Clara Weaver Parrish, who was a noted artist who worked for Tiffany Studios in New York.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 25, 1975.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church is a parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Alabama. The Rev. Jack Alvey is currently serving as the twenty second rector.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Carpenter Gothic church, built during the 1850s at Cahaba, the first capital of Alabama from 1820 to 1826. The unknown builder closely followed plans published by architect Richard Upjohn in his 1852 book Rural Architecture.</p><br>
<p>Exterior features of the Gothic Revival structure include lancet windows, pointed arch doorways and vertical board and batten sheathing. The building originally had a square bell tower on the corner to the left of the current main front entrance, but this was not rebuilt when the church was relocated in 1878 to Martin&#39;s Station. The church was disassembled and relocated to Cahaba in 2007, where it was reassembled at Old Cahawba Archaeological Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Lukes was built in 1854, during Cahabas antebellum boom years, on Vine Street near the intersection of Vine and 1st South Street. Following the post-war decline of Cahaba, the church was dismantled in 1878 and moved 11 mi to the village of Martin&#39;s Station, where it was reassembled and continued to serve an Episcopal congregation for several decades. It was later used by an African-American Baptist congregation for over 60 years before being acquired by the Alabama Historical Commission. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 25, 1982.</p><br>
<p>During the academic year 2006–2007, students from Auburn University&#39;s Rural Project carefully dismantled the church building so that it could be moved back to Cahaba and reassembled at Old Cahawba Archaeological Park. From 2007 to 2008 the students reassembled the building at Cahaba, near the corner of Beech Street and Capitol Street, across from the Old Cahawba Archaeological Park visitor center. This third site was chosen because the original one on Vine Street was found to be located in a floodplain. Most of the exterior work was completed by late 2009.</p><br>
<p>Cheney Clow  was a loyalist from Delaware Colony during the American Revolution who staged a rebellion against the colonial government that was advocating separation from Great Britain.</p><br>
<h2>Early life</h2><br>
<p>Cheney Clow was born in 1734 in Delaware Colony, the third of nine children of Nathaniel Clow and his wife Susannah. They lived in Queen Annes County, Province of Maryland, owned their own farm, of unknown acres but was said to have been considerable. Land recorded in 1744, 50 acre was named "Clows Hope." In 1747 another 50 acre was recorded and it was called "Boons Hope". Boons Hope cost Nathaniel and Susannah 2,100 pounds of tobacco, which was a common practice in the early colonies, paying for items with tobacco off your own land.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Clow died in 1748, his estate papers and will are filed in the courthouse in Annapolis. He wanted his estate divided equally among his wife and children. The children were John (born 1732), Mary (born 1733), Cheney (born 1734), Susannah (born 1737), Rachael (born 1738), James (born 1740), Sarah (born 1742), Rebecca (born 1743) and Ann (born 1749).</p><br>
<p>Susannah Clow died before 1756. The exact date is unknown.</p><br>
<h2>Marriage and family</h2><br>
<p>Cheney Clow married Elizabeth Barcus (Barkhurst) and settled in the same area as Nathanial and Susannah. They farmed and raised a family. They had two children that are known of, Joshua and Arrana.</p><br>
<h2>Cheney Clow&#39;s Rebellion, capture and imprisonment</h2><br>
<p>At the outbreak of the American War of Independence, about a third of the colonists had no desire for independence from Britain but in Kent County, Delaware, where Cheney Clow was living, the Loyalist were greatly outnumbered. Cheney chose to support the King of Britain and was commissioned a British officer at some point either earlier before the Revolution began or toward the beginning of Colonial Revolutionary activities. He now found himself a Tory. As the war progressed the Tories constantly created terror by raiding and plundering the colonist, supplies to the British, robbed the mails, plotted against the life of Washington, and generally became very disliked by their neighbors.</p><br>
<p>During the War, in 1778, the colony passed a law requiring all male citizens over the age of 21 to take an "Oath of Allegiance." A Tory would be pardoned if the Oath was given, if not he would suffer the confiscation of all his land and possessions. When it became time for Cheney&#39;s Oath he refused. He also refused to pay taxes to Delaware claiming he was living in Maryland. His farm was on both sides of the state line but the house sat in Delaware.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of April 18, 1778, the Sheriff of Kent County, Delaware, John Clayton, went out to arrest Cheney Clow. This attempt erupted into a gun battle and one of the Sheriffs men, named Moore, was killed. Cheney was charged with the murder of the posse member Moore. Moore had been shot in the back while facing and firing toward Cheney Clow when he was shot. It is thought that Moore was shot by a member of his own posse. When the battle was over, Cheneys wife, Susannah, who had been helping her husband load rifles, was wounded, and Cheney was arrested and taken to jail. This action 200 years later would be known as "Cheney Clow&#39;s Rebellion".</p><br>
<p>At this point, the local citizens wanted Cheneys head, they wanted blood, they wanted him charged, and executed for treason. For four years he sat in prison, and on December 12, 1782, Cheney Clow was brought to trial. He was tried for treason for his role in the Loyalist rebellion against Delaware. The jury found him not guilty of treason and he was acquitted, but authorities kept him in prison. It seemed that Cheney hadnt taken the oath and therefore could not be charged with treason. Keeping him in prison, they charged him with burglary and murder; later the burglary charge was dropped for lack of evidence, but he had to stand trial on the murder charge.</p><br>
<h2>Murder trial and execution</h2><br>
<p>At the trial, the testimony from the Sheriff was that Moore was shot in the back, and not from Cheneys gun, but probably was shot from one of the Sheriffs own men who was firing toward Cheney from a position behind Moore. The evidence that Clow actually killed the man was weak. However, this did not sway the jury. In May 1783, a jury convicted him of murder and the judge sentenced him to death. He was sentenced to be hanged by the neck until dead.</p><br>
<p>It now fell on Delawares governor Nicholas Van Dyke to set the time and place for the execution. The Governor wished he could pardon Clow but felt that he was unable to pardon him for political reasons and did nothing. He did, however, postpone the execution without ever appointing an actual date. He, in essence, postponed Cheneys execution indefinitely. Nothing happened for six years. A new governor, Thomas Collins, came into office in October 1786. More petitions for pardon were filed by the family but still to no avail. Cheney&#39;s wife and children finally gave up their long fight.</p><br>
<p>In 1788 a final letter from Cheney Clow, having been in close confinement for 10 years, the letter addressed to the new governor requested that a pardon be granted at once or that a warrant be issued without delay for his execution. The pardon was not granted, and Cheney Clow "went bravely to his death, singing a hymn as he walked to the gallows".</p><br>
<p>No specific date was recorded for the execution. Cheney had no will, and there is no record of the disposition of his estate. After they hanged Cheney, the family took his body and buried it in a secret place. Many think the grave was near the house but unmarked.</p><br>
<p>In January 1790 the eldest daughter, Arrana, petitioned the State of Delaware to settle the estate of Clow and to distribute such among his heirs. The petition was "ordered to lie on the table" and on the table it remained. Nothing regarding the disposition of Clow&#39;s possessions is known.</p><br>
<h2>The site description of Clow Rebellion</h2><br>
<p>The present and original appearance of the site of the Clow Rebellion was summarized in the US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form:</p><br>
<h2>Significance of the rebellion</h2><br>
<p>The Statement of Significance of the Cheney Clough Rebellion site from the US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form continues with:</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>After Cheney Clow was hung, most of his children stayed in the Northern Queen Annes County, Maryland and Kent County, Delaware area, raised families and lived their lives passing from generation to generation until the present day. One of Cheneys children, his Son, Joshua, left the Maryland and Delaware area, changed the spelling of the name to Clough and moved West to the Ohio Valley. Documents show a marriage certificate of Joshua Clough and Sarah Walker being married in Kent County, Delaware, on October 2, 1794, and they had a son, Edward, who was born in 1794 in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Joshua Clow died in Harrison County, Ohio, where a large contingent of descendants still reside.</p><br>
<p>Most of the other lineal descendants of Cheney Clow have lived in and around the area where Cheney Clow lived and had his rebellion, in the Northern Queen Annes County, Maryland area, specifically the town of Sudlersville, Maryland, ever since. The Clow name has changed over time and many of the Clow lineage in the area now go by both Clow and Clough. On April 6, 1967, the local County Newspaper, the Queen Annes County Record Observer, ran a story with the headline, "Sudlersville Couple are Married 67 Years!" This couple were Dudley Clow and his wife Emma Everett Clow. Mr. Clow was 90 years old at the time and of interest is that the family still used the Clow spelling instead of Clough. In 1969, the same newspaper published a photograph of five generations of Cheney Clow&#39;s descendants sitting together on a park bench. All were farmers and/or residents of the local Sudlersville community. In April 2009, a direct descendant of Cheney Clow, while serving as the local Fire Chief of the was killed in a single vehicle crash while responding to an alarm in a Fire Department Emergency Response Vehicle. Forty-one-year-old Charles F. "Buck" Clough Jr. was hailed as a hero, made national news and his accident and death has had a profound effect on the small, tight-knit farming community.</p><br>
<p>Cheney Clows descendants suffered another terrible blow in the last part of 2009 when Nelson H. "Dickie" Clough of Millington, Maryland died on Christmas Eve, December 24, 2009. He was 85. He was the uncle and best friend of Charles F. "Buck" Clough Jr. and was the current cornerstone of the huge Clough clan in the Northern Queen Annes County area.</p><br>
<p>He was a member of United States Army during World War II. He served with D Company, 83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, 3rd Armored Division. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge, the Ardennes and the Rhineland. He fought in and across Europe until Victory in Europe was declared. He was a life member of VFW Post 652 in Millington, Maryland, where he served as Commander 5 times and he was a member of the American Legion Post 14, Smyrna, Delaware. His death has also had a profound effect on the local community and the Clough family in particular.</p><br>
<p>Cheney Clows life and legacy continue to influence the area and his life, and actions are still rippling through the fabric of life in the Kent County, Delaware and Northern Queen Annes County, Maryland areas.</p><br>
<p>St. David&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church in downtown Austin, Texas, United States. Its main church building was constructed in 1854–1855, making it one of the oldest standing buildings in the city. The first Episcopal church in Austin was briefly organized in 1848, nine years after Austin was founded. In 1851 the parish was reorganized, and work on the church building began two years later. The church is located at 304 E. 7th Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Rutger–Steuben Park Historic District is a 25 acre historic district in the city of Utica in Oneida County, New York. The district includes 63 contributing buildings and contains numerous examples of late nineteenth century Italian Villa style residences. A group of five exceptional dwellings are grouped together in a private park, known as Rutger Park, at the center of the district. One of the dwellings on Rutger Park was designed by architect Alexander Jackson Davis. The Roscoe Conkling House is located at 3 Rutger Park and it was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Thorstein Veblen Farmstead is a National Historic Landmark near Nerstrand in rural Rice County, Minnesota. The property preserves the childhood home of Norwegian-American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen , best known for his 1899 treatise The Theory of the Leisure Class.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Veblen farmstead stands east of Nerstrand in eastern Rice County, north of Minnesota State Highway 246. The ten-acre property includes a house, chicken coop, granary, and barn with attached milking shed. The house, granary, and barn were all built by Thomas Veblen, Thorstein&#39;s father, in the 1870s and 1880s. The house is a two-story frame structure, with a side gable roof, two chimneys, and clapboard siding. A single-story porch extends across the front, supported by square posts, with a balcony above. The granary is a small two-story clapboarded frame building, measuring about 25 x. The barn is two stories, and has a gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>Thorstein Veblen, born in Cato, Wisconsin, in 1857, lived on this farm in his youth and returned often as an adult, due in part to his inability to find steady employment. The product of an austere agrarian upbringing, Veblen, who has often been called one of Americas most creative and original thinkers, coined the term "conspicuous consumption" in the widely influential The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). The propertys simple vernacular styling illustrates early influences on Veblen&#39;s life as the son of immigrants, growing up in a tightly knit Norwegian-American community.</p><br>
<p>The Veblens sold the property in 1893 and it continued to be an active farm until 1970, when the buildings fell into disrepair. The house has now been restored, and the Preservation Alliance of Minnesota holds a preservation easement on the property.</p><br>
<p>Military Park is a 6 acre city park in Downtown Newark in Newark, New Jersey. Along with Lincoln Park and Washington Park, it makes up the three downtown parks in Newark that were laid out in the colonial era. It is a nearly triangular park located between Park Place, Rector Street and Broad Street.</p><br>
<p>The New Jersey Historical Society, Military Park Building, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, the Robert Treat Center and the newly built One Theatre Square and 50 Rector St buildings are located across Park Place from the park. A $3.25 million renovation led by Dan Biederman was announced in February 2012. The reconstruction was expected to be completed in late 2013, but due to harsh weather was postponed until spring 2014. A casual restaurant, Burg, does business in the park. The park reopened in June 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The park was originally laid out by Robert Treat at the founding of Newark as a training ground for soldiers. It saw periodic military use throughout its history; it served as a training ground during the French and Indian War, a campground for the American army in the American Revolution and the War of 1812. At the end of the American Revolution it was designated as a public park.</p><br>
<p>There was a period of time in the mid-20th century where the park fell into disrepair. The grounds were considered unsafe and therefore unsuitable for the general population&#39;s usage. Military Park fell into a state of disrepair until conservation efforts began in 2003 and ground was broken in 2013. The new park grounds boasts a more open and inviting atmosphere for passersby as well as a revitalized location in downtown Newark.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The Military Park Commons Historic District is a 10 acre historic district roughly bounded by Washington Place, McCarter Highway, E. Park Street and Raymond Boulevard encompassing the park. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 18, 2004, for its significance in architecture, and community planning and development. The district includes 37 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 9 contributing objects. Eight resources were previously listed individually, including Wars of America by Gutzon Borglum, Griffith Building, Hahne and Company, Symington House, and Trinity & St. Philip&#39;s Cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>In the southwestern part of the park is the large Wars of America monument, created by Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore.</p><br>
<p>The sculpture itself forms the base of a large concrete sword built into the ground. The sword from the ground resembles a large dry fountain and from the air its shape is easily distinguished. The sword is about eighty yards long from the end of the statue to its tip; the blade is over ten feet across at its base. A bust of John F. Kennedy by Jacques Lipchitz was erected in 1965. The park also has an old drinking fountain with the phrase "My cup runneth over" carved around its base, and statues of Frederick Frelinghuysen and Philip Kearny. There is also an old fashioned carousel that was recently installed. A three-level underground parking garage is located beneath the park. The Military Park Newark Light Rail station lies under the southwest end of the park at Raymond Boulevard and Park Place.</p><br>
<p>Located in the middle of the park is the casual restaurant and outdoor bar the Burg, which opened in the fall of 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Doane Park</h2><br>
<p>Doane Park is a tenth-acre triangular piece of land north of Military Park, where Broad Street and Park Place veer off and is separated from Military Park by Rector Street. A statue of Monsignor George Hobart Doane, for whom the park is named, was unveiled in 1908. Doane was a rector at St. Patrick&#39;s Pro-Cathedral and did much for the city including his work with the Essex County Park Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>In 2011 and 2012, during the Occupy movement, there was an Occupy Newark encampment in Military Park.</p><br>
<p>Afro Beat Fest is a new annual festival in Downtown Newark of African and African diaspora culture including music, art, fashion, dance, crafts and cuisine. The inaugural Afro Beat Fest was held in the recently refurbished Military Park in July 2017. Afro Beat Fest is a reboot of an older festival that had begun in the 1980s called "Africa Newark," which had ended in 2006 after it lost city support. Mayor Ras Baraka said he and colleagues recalled the festival warmly from childhood and noted that the city worked with local organizers to revive it.</p><br>
<p>Jazz concerts are sometimes performed in Military Park.</p><br>
<p>On Thursdays during the fall, a farmers market is held on Park Place.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Cross is a historic Anglican church at 335 North Kings Highway in Stateburg, South Carolina. Built in 1850-52 to a design by noted South Carolina architect Edward C. Jones, it is a notable example of rammed earth construction with relatively high style Gothic Revival styling. It was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture in 1973.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the Church of the Holy Cross disaffiliated with the Episcopal Church over disagreement with its direction. The conservative congregation realigned with the Anglican Church in North America.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The church stands on the east side of North Kings Highway, west of the city of Sumter. Its walls, constructed of yellow rammed earth, stand 40 ft tall, and are covered in stucco, with buttressing at the corners and long sides of its cruciform plan. A tower stands attached to one end, and the steeply pitched roof is finished in tile. Window and door openings are in the shape of Gothic arches. The church interior is painted gray in a manner resembling stone.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1850-52 on land donated earlier by American Revolutionary War General Thomas Sumter. It was designed by Edward C. Jones, one of South Carolina&#39;s leading architects. Although he was a prolific designer, a relatively small number of his works survive.</p><br>
<p>Across the road from the church is Borough House Plantation, the historic home and property of Dr. William Wallace Anderson, chairman of the committee that built the church. In 1820, Dr. Anderson had built his own house of rammed earth on his plantation, plus additional outbuildings of the same construction. Several of these survive, and the plantation complex has also been designated as a National Historic Landmark. These landmarks are both included within what is now known as the Stateburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Cross is still an active parish. In 2013, it disaffiliated from the Episcopal Church over its direction. The conservative congregation realigned with the Anglican Church in North America, part of the Anglican realignment. The current rector is Fr. Michael E. Ridgill, priest.</p><br>
<p>An 18-month, $2.3 million restoration to repair extensive termite damage was completed in late January 2010 under former rector the Rev. Fr. Thomas W. Allen. The church has its original Erben pipe organ, installed in 1851.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Joel Roberts Poinsett (March 2, 1779 – December 12, 1851), physician, botanist and American statesman. The Poinsettia is named for him.</p><br>
<p>George L. Mabry, Jr. (September 14, 1917 – July 13, 1990), Major General, USA Army. Medal of Honor recipient.</p><br>
<p>Borough House Plantation, also known as Borough House, Hillcrest Plantation and Anderson Place, is an historic plantation on South Carolina Highway 261, 0.8 miles north of its intersection with USA Route 76/US Route 378 in Stateburg, in the High Hills of Santee near Sumter, South Carolina. A National Historic Landmark, the plantation is noted as the largest assemblage of high-style pisé  structures in the United States. The main house and six buildings on the plantation were built using this technique, beginning in 1821. The plantation is also notable as the home of Confederate Army General Richard H. Anderson.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The original house built in 1758 served at different times during the American Revolution as headquarters for both British General Lord Cornwallis and Continental Army General Nathanael Greene. The second house was built in 1820 of rammed earth by William Wallace Anderson, M.D. It was designed by architect A.C. Jones.</p><br>
<p>On October 7, 1821, Anderson&#39;s wife, the former Mary Jane Mackensie, gave birth at home to their son, Richard H. Anderson. He later served as a Confederate Army general in the American Civil War. Stateburg was originally called Stateborough, as when the town was laid out, Borough House was the only residence in it.</p><br>
<p>In 1850&ndash;1852, Dr. Anderson chaired the committee that built the Church of the Holy Cross of rammed earth across the road from Borough Hall. It was also designed by Jones.</p><br>
<p>In 1851, Joel Roberts Poinsett, physician, American statesman and botanist (for whom the poinsettia is named), died while visiting Dr. Anderson. He was buried in the churchyard across the road.</p><br>
<p>On March 23, 1972, Borough Hall plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark. It is also part of the defined Stateburg Historic District, as is the Church of the Holy Cross.</p><br>
<p>St. Patrick&#39;s Church is a historic Roman Catholic church at 284 Suffolk Street in Lowell, Massachusetts. Built in 1853 for a predominantly Irish congregation founded in 1831, it is one of the oldest Catholic parishes north of Boston in the United States. The building, a fine example of Gothic Revival architecture designed by the noted ecclesiastical architect Patrick C. Keely, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Saint Patricks church was a wooden structure, built in 1831 to support the Irish workmen who had moved to Lowell, largely to work on the Pawtucket and Merrimack Canals. Prior to its construction, they were attended by Rev. John Mahoney, a Catholic clergyman from a nearby town. By 1830 there were over 400 Roman Catholics in Lowell, and on July 3, 1831, St Patricks Church was consecrated, led by Mahoney. Mahoney left in 1836 to work in Boston, and was succeeded by E.J. McCool.</p><br>
<p>The current stone structure dates to 1853, although a fire in 1904 caused much of the church to be rebuilt by 1906.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Today, the church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition to the traditional Irish and French Canadian congregations, the parish, including its school, serves local Southeast Asians, specifically with Vietnamese and Cambodian native-language Masses.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Patricks is located on the eastern edge of the Lowell neighborhood known as The Acre, an area where Irish immigrants originally settled in squatters camps to work in Lowells mills. The church overlooks one the citys power canals, at the junction of Suffolk and Cross Streets. It is built in a cruciform plan out of coursed rubblestone with ashlar granite trim. A tower 160 ft in height projects from the front facade, with stone buttresses flanking the main church entrance at its base. The entrance, as well as flanking entrances on either side, are set in Gothic lancet-arched openings. Above the main entrance is a three-part lancet-arched window, with the tall first stage of the tower completed by a smaller lancet window. The second tower stage houses a belfry with louvered lancet-arch openings, and it is topped by an octagonal steeple ornamented with lancet dormers.</p><br>
<p>Broad Creek in Prince Georges County was the first footprint of European settlement in the immediate counties around what would become the nations capital, Washington, D.C. The area is part of greater Fort Washington.</p><br>
<p>The area was settled by Europeans in the 1660s and the town was created in 1706 when the colonial Maryland Legislature authorized surveying and laying out the towns of Queen Anne Town, Nottingham, Mill Town, Piscataway, Aire (also known as Broad Creek) and Upper Marlboro (then known as Marlborough Town).</p><br>
<p>In 1747, the legislature tried to improve the quality and the method of marketing tobacco, then the major crop of the area, and established a formal system of tobacco inspection and quality control. The town was home to one of seven state tobacco warehouses built in Prince George&#39;s County.</p><br>
<p>The site is located 9 mi south of the USA Capitol building on the Potomac River. Today, this "first footprint" of settlement in the capital area is a Prince George&#39;s County Historic District, with three 17th century homesites and an 18th-century Episcopal Church structure. The Broad Creek Historic District comprises 900 acre along the Potomac River, and is remarkable for its environmental resources, as well as its 12,000-year-old Indian archeological discoveries.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Broad Creek and Henson Creek</h2><br>
<p>The stream named Broad Creek is a tributary of the Potomac River (Mouth: 38.7509477&deg; latitude, -77.0266428&deg; longitude). Henson Creek is a tributary of Broad Creek (Mouth: 38.7612253&deg; latitude, -77.0008087&deg; longitude). The 5.7 mile long Henson Creek Trail is managed by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.</p><br>
<p>The O. E. Rølvaag House was the home of Ole Edvart Rølvaag , Norwegian-American novelist and professor at St. Olaf College. The home is located at 311 Manitou Street in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. Rølvaag wrote most of his works in this house, which is near St. Olaf College, where he taught.</p><br>
<p>Rølvaag was born in Norway in 1876, and emigrated to the United States in 1896, settling in South Dakota. He graduated from St. Olaf College in 1905, and got a position there teaching Norwegian and writing. Rølvaag was the first novelist to describe the psychological cost of pioneering on the American frontier. Rølvaags famous trilogy&mdash;Giants in the Earth (1927), Peder Victorious (1928), and Their Fathers God (1931)&mdash;assesses the adjustments immigrant farmers had to make to prosper in the American Midwest.</p><br>
<p>The house stands on the west side of Manitou Street, between Greenvale and Summit Avenues, just east of the St. Olaf College campus. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a stuccoed first floor and a clapboarded half story. It has a broad side-gable roof, with a pair of large gable dormers projecting to the front. The eaves of the main roof and dormers are extended, with exposed rafter ends and large brackets in the Craftsman style. The roof extends downward to shelter a now-enclosed porch extending across the front. The house was built for Rølvaag in 1912, and remained his home until his death in 1931. Principal alterations during his occupancy were the enclosing of the front porch, and the development of a garden in the rear. Some of the interior finishes have been preserved, including oak trim in the public spaces downstairs.</p><br>
<p>Fort Pownall was a British fortification built during the French and Indian War, whose remains are located at Fort Point State Park in Stockton Springs, Maine. The fort was named for Governor Thomas Pownall, who oversaw its construction. It never saw action, and was destroyed during the American Revolutionary War by the actions of both colonists and the British military to prevent its further use. The fort&#39;s remains were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Fort Point State Park is located at the easternmost tip of Cape Jellison, a triangular peninsula which juts into Penobscot Bay at the mouth of the Penobscot River. The 120 acre park, established in 1974, includes, in addition to the ruins of Fort Pownall, the Fort Point Light. The capes eastern tip forms a narrow peninsula, with the forts ruins on the high ground near its easternmost end.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1759, during the French and Indian War, Massachusetts governor Thomas Pownall led the construction of a fort here, which he named Fort Pownall after himself. It was one of three significant forts which the British built on the major rivers in the Northeast to cut off the native water ways to the ocean to prevent Indian attacks on the Thirteen Colonies (see also Fort Halifax and Fort Frederick). The fort was also intended by Pownall to reduce France&#39;s presence in North America, since "for as long as any Indian has any claim to, the French will maintain a title to them." The first commander of the fort was Jedidiah Preble (1759-1763), followed by Col. Thomas Goldthwait (1763-1775). In 1775, British forces seized the cannons and powder during the American Revolution. Later, a regiment of Continental Army soldiers burnt the blockhouse and filled in most of the ditches to prevent their use by the British.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The fort, as built, was roughly 240 ft on each side, with an octagonal star-shaped earthworks surrounded by a moat or ditch 15 ft wide and 8 ft deep. Inside the earthworks was a blockhouse, built out of squared timbers, measuring 44 ft on each side, and two stories in height. At each corner there was a diamond-shaped projection, where each side was 33 ft. Because the blockhouse and other wooden elements of the fort were burned, only the earthworks and stone foundations remain.</p><br>
<p>The Hidden Forest Cabin is an old game warden&#39;s dwelling in Clark County, Nevada, United States in the Desert National Wildlife Refuge. It is located on Hidden Forest Road, in the Hidden Forest in the Sheep Range along the route to Hayford Peak.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hidden Forest Cabin was initially thought to have been built in the 1880s, but in 2020, it was confirmed that the cabin was built in 1931 by World War I veteran Clarence Russell as a personal isolated dwelling. The cabin remained as his home until next year on June 17, 1932 when Russell headed to another cabin in the area at White Rock Canyon belonging to C. P. Moore in his car after previously consuming alcohol that day. Drunk, Russell confronted him and shot him dead with a single bullet between the eyes, with his motive likely being his resent for Moore locating his cabin within a close proximity to his own on the other side of Hayford Peak. After killing Moore, Russell was shot twice with his own pistol by Moores son, then tied up and brought to authorities in Las Vegas. Russell then died of his wounds and Moores son said that he fired in self defense.</p><br>
<p>The cabin remained vacant for six years until becoming a game warden&#39;s cabin in 1938 after the Desert National Wildlife Refuge was formed two years earlier in 1936. In the following decades, it has been sporadically maintained by Boy Scout troops and campers.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 1975.</p><br>
<p>In around 2008 to 2010, the cabin was renovated in collaboration with the Scout troops and it now acts as a first-come, first-served retreat for hikers. Today, vehicle traffic to the cabin is prohibited, but it is a popular hike.</p><br>
<p>The Heathman Hotel, in Portland, Oregon, United States, was originally built as the New Heathman Hotel and opened in 1927. It is among the last remaining historical Portland hotels such as the Benson Hotel , Imperial Hotel , and Governor Hotel . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, as the New Heathman Hotel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction, heyday, and decline</h3><br>
<p>The original Heathman Hotel in Portland OR, one block away from the current structure, was built at the intersection of Park and Salmon streets in 1926 by George Heathman, at a cost of $1 million. Wealthy lumber barons and railroad magnates, politicians, and upper-class investors of the day wanted a hotel that would fit their social station and demand for comfort and excellence. It stood 11 stories tall and offered 300 rooms.</p><br>
<p>Because of the success of the first hotel, Heathman immediately started work on a sister hotel a block away. The New Heathman Hotel was completed in 1927. It was a 10-story concrete structure faced with brick. The decorative details were designed in the Jacobean Revival style by the Portland architectural firm of DeYoung and Roald. The second story and upper-floor windows were trimmed in stone, and the lobbys dark-hued paneling extended to the mezzanine, where light flooded through tall, arched windows. Acanthus leaves decorated the mezzanines plaster columns and ceiling trim. The hotel&#39;s entrance was on the Salmon Street side</p><br>
<p>The building of the New Heathman was Portland&#39;s largest construction project to that date, employing 1,200 workers, all of whom were invited to celebrate at the pre-opening party. A formal opening occurred on December 17, 1927, marking the end of seven months of work.</p><br>
<p>When the New Heathman was ready, Governor I. L. Patterson and Mayor George Luis Baker made dedication speeches. Radio station KOIN featured live band and orchestral pieces. Portland city commissioners joined with the business community to pay tribute. The Oregon Journal described the Heathman as "Portland&#39;s newest and most modern hotel" and wrote, "Its planning, construction and general appointments are as modern as human ingenuity and talent could possibly make it", and that it was located on "Broadway … ablaze with theatre marquees, restaurants and shops."</p><br>
<p>In 1927, Broadway was called Portlands "Great White Way," and was the focal point of downtowns entertainment center. Large, boldly colored marquee lights surrounded the hotel. On the eve of construction, Heathman announced plans to put in a ground floor coffee shop that was designed to be the largest coffee shop in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.</p><br>
<p>KOIN moved from the old Heathman to the new Heathman on December 17, 1927. On September 22, 1932, KOIN acquired a sister station, KALE. KALE moved into the KOIN studio complex in 1933. With an additional station, more studio space was needed. Between 1933 and 1939, the mezzanine of the New Heathman was modified several times to accommodate the stations. The biggest change was the addition of the north–south wall and several dividing partitions to create offices along the east side of the building. Studio A and Studio B at the south end were also altered. By 1940 the major structural changes were finished. The studios were then described as "the finest broadcast facility in the country." In 1944, KALE moved out of the New Heathman when KOIN was sold. When KOIN joined the television era in 1953, it required development of larger quarters still and finally left its radio studios at the New Heathman in 1955 to join its TV sister station.</p><br>
<p>The New Heathmans coffee shop eventually closed as business diminished. The space was temporarily used as a political campaign headquarters, then sat empty until the hotels renovation in 1983. The area that is now the hotels entrance once housed a drug store and gift shop. The drug store gained fame as Portlands first 24-hour pharmacy.</p><br>
<p>George Heathman died at age 49, less than three years after the New Heathman was completed. His wife, Katherine, and their two children remained active in the hotel industry and retained an interest in operations of the New Heathman until the early 1960s. Harry, George&#39;s son, managed the hotel until shortly before his death in 1962.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, much of the business and entertainment in Portland&#39;s downtown left for the suburbs. By the late 1960s, Broadway had lost most of these businesses. In the next decade, new city leaders recognized the changes and sought to convince major retail stores to keep their operations in the heart of downtown, and to even build new locations.</p><br>
<p>As the city redeveloped the downtown area, it attempted to reintroduce music and theater on Broadway. A performing arts center was developed in the old Paramount Theatre (now called The Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall) located next door to the New Heathman. The site&#39;s development and architectural design plans were drawn with the help of the city, private investors, concerned citizens, and artists.</p><br>
<p>The Portland Center for Performing Arts Area Development Plan noted in 1982 that the location and development of the New Heathman made its condition crucial to the success of the adjacent Paramount Concert Hall. The Heathman Hotel was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in February 1984, under its old name, the New Heathman Hotel. At the time the building was nominated for the NRHP, it was noted that "interior fixtures, facilities and furnishings are presently ill maintained, inadequate and outdated." The nomination also said that in 1983, "much of the interior spaces in the New Heathman Hotel are unoccupied."</p><br>
<h3>The Second Renovation</h3><br>
<p>The New Heathmans importance to the neighborhood appealed to developers, so by autumn of 1984 a two-year and $16 million renovation of the building was completed, with the "New" prefix removed from the name, as the original hotel had long since been renamed. The Heathmans public spaces were remodeled in new natural materials like marble and teak brought in by Portland architect Carter Case and interior designer Andrew Delfino. Then-owner Mark Stevenson had the original exterior and eucalyptus-paneled Tea Court restored. Above the Tea Court, a 100-year-old crystal chandelier that was once used in the USA Embassy in Czechoslovakia was hung and 18th-century paintings by French landscape artist Claude Lorrain were installed and remains to this day. The renovated guest rooms were furnished in 18th–20th-century styles of Biedermeier, Ming, Empire, and Regency. As part of this remodeling, the hotel&#39;s main entrance was relocated from Salmon Street to Broadway, in support of new city design guidelines calling for major building entrances to be located on major streets.</p><br>
<p>The Stevenson family sold the hotel and the name to the Rim Corporation of Modesto, California, in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Local restaurant chain McCormick & Schmicks took over management of the Heathmans restaurant; Rim announced it would adopt the "Heathman" name for its line of upscale, boutique hotels. The purchase price was reported as being "in the neighborhood" of $25 million.</p><br>
<p>In October 2007, a new Heathman Hotel opened in Kirkland, Washington, with 91 rooms.</p><br>
<p>LaSalle Hotel Properties bought the Heathman in December 2014 for $64.3 million.</p><br>
<p>Pebblebrook Hotel Trust purchased the Heathman Hotel November 30, 2018 and brought Provenance Hotels to manage it. Soon thereafter, the hotel underwent a complete hotel renovation aspiring to introduce a semi-formal, luxury, travel experience authentic to Portland, OR. The total cost of renovation was approximately $20million.</p><br>
<p>In February 2023, The Heathman was purchased by Aparium Hotel Group.</p><br>
<h2>Hotel amenities</h2><br>
<p>Under new ownership, the restaurant and many amenities (i.e. daily housekeeping) have returned in June 2023. The entrance also features a bronze sculpture of Zelda, an English bulldog from Portland, who is also dressed in a Beefeater costume. The sculpture, which includes a dog bowl filled with fresh water, was donated by Banfield Pet Hospital in 2010, and depicts the star of the "Zelda Wisdom" line of greeting cards.</p><br>
<p>Travel + Leisure placed the Heathman on its 500 Best Hotels in the World list in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2015. In 2011, Food & Wine listed the Heathman as one of the 21 most haunted restaurants and hotels in America.</p><br>
<p>The Heathman acquired several original artworks at the time of the 1980s remodel and launched a campaign of support for the visual arts. The hotels collection has included 250 original paintings, photographs, and works on paper, with a focus on American artists, and particularly artists local to the Northwestern United States. Prints from Andy Warhols Endangered Species lithograph series are found on most floors, and one room specifically pays tribute to Warhol in its interior design.</p><br>
<p>Visual art exhibits that change seasonally can be viewed on the mezzanine. These exhibits are curated by Portland&#39;s Elizabeth Leach Gallery. The Heathman also has a library on the mezzanine level containing a large collection of books signed by authors who have been guests at the hotel.</p><br>
<h3>Restaurant</h3><br>
<p>The Heathman Restaurant & Bar was run by Houston, Texas-based Landrys, Inc. It was known for French-influenced Pacific Northwest cuisine, and was considered one of Portlands top restaurants, earning four stars from the Forbes Travel Guide in 2014. In 2003, while the restaurant was under McCormick & Schmick&#39;s management, Anthony Bourdain reported in The New York Times on a special all-offal menu at the Heathman created in his honor.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 the restaurant was reopened as Headwaters at the Heathman, or simply Headwaters, after a 6-month renovation. Run by chef Vitaly Paley, Headwaters specializes in seafood and Pacific Northwest cuisine.</p><br>
<p>In late March 2020, The Heathman Hotel, along with many other Portland hotels decided to pause operations in order to help stop the spread of COVID 19. As a result, Paley Hospitality moved to terminate operations of most Portland restaurant outlets, including Headwaters at the Heathman Hotel. The pandemic worsened through summer and travel to Portland did not resume to typical levels. The closure was extended into October 2020 as management reorganized and prepared to introduce health, sanitation and safety requirements expected by travelers. Following post covid recovery, Headwaters at the Heathman has since reopened to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Ambassador Apartments is a historic building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. Since 1979, it has been on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Described as Jacobean, the Ambassador Apartments is unique in Portland for substituting Idaho sandstone instead of the glazed terra-cotta common in the facades and trim of structures dating from the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It is a nine-story H-shaped building with about 6,000 ft&sup2; per floor.</p><br>
<p>The building has been the residence of many prominent business and professional people, including lumber company owner Louis Gerlinger Sr. during 1929-1940 and William Simon U&#39;Ren during 1927–1949. Edith Green maintained an office on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Located on prime downtown real estate, the building has now been converted into condominiums. In 1999, the smallest unit available was advertised for $148,000.</p><br>
<p>The historic Christ Church Cathedral in Louisville, Kentucky, was founded on May 31, 1822. The original church building was completed in 1824; a new Romanesque Revival facade was added in 1870. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church became the cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky in May 1894.</p><br>
<p>The original Christ Church building, built in 1824, was "considered a marvel of architectural beauty for its time. Most of it stands as the oldest church building in Louisville. It is presently the principal part of the Nave of the enlarged Christ Church Cathedral."</p><br>
<p>Irvine Park is a neighborhood just west of downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, that contains a number of historic homes. The neighborhood was platted by John Irvine and Henry Mower Rice in 1849. At the center of the neighborhood is Irvine Park, a New England–style public square. The neighborhood is a district listed on the National Register of Historic Places and also designated by the city as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood suffered for much of the twentieth century. A report on housing from the 1930s characterized the area as being:</p><br>
<p>... in the less desirable rooming-house district; old homes, that at one time were mansions, but, over a period of years have been out-moded. Each successive tenant has been a little less able to pay adequate rent until the present occupants have commercialized the homes in one form or another.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, 96 percent of the neighborhood&#39;s houses were classified as substandard by the city. In the early 1970s the city planned to tear down the area and replace it with high-rise apartments for public housing. This plan was not implemented, however, and the neighborhood became a National Register Historic District in 1973. Irvine Park was named Saint Paul Heritage Preservation District in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Houses in the district</h2><br>
<p>Normal Station is a neighborhood in East Memphis, Tennessee, anchored by the University of Memphis, formerly Memphis State University, and originally called West Tennessee State Normal School. It is bordered by the University of Memphis to the north, Audubon Park to the east, Park Avenue and the Sherwood Forest neighborhood to the south, and Highland Street to the west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Until the early 20th century, the neighborhood was part of an area known as the Eckles Tract. In 1911, construction of the new normal school began in the neighborhood. To serve the construction, the Southern Railroad built a stub track northward from its main line. A streetcar line was extended eastward to serve the site. When the school opened in 1912, the railroad converted the terminus of its stub line into an official stop and built a waiting station in front of the school, near what is now the intersection of Highland Street and Southern Avenue, to serve passengers using the railroad and the streetcars. The neighborhood took on the name of the railway station, Normal Station.</p><br>
<p>It was common in the outlying areas around Memphis for neighborhoods and small towns to get their names from land owners, landmarks and railway stations. The custom is also seen today in areas such as Buntyn Station, White Station, and Bray Station.</p><br>
<p>The Normal railway station closed in 1949 and was demolished the following year.</p><br>
<h2>Campus neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>The athletic department, student fitness center, and south parking lots of the University of Memphis are located in this neighborhood. Because of the proximity to the University, a large proportion of the neighborhood population are students and faculty. Most of the homes in this neighborhood are one-story single-family homes and duplexes built after World War II, but there are small apartment complexes and some larger, older homes interspersed within. The neighborhood&#39;s ZIP code is 38111.</p><br>
<h2>The Highland Strip</h2><br>
<p>The Highland strip is the restaurant and shopping hub in the Normal station neighborhood. It is situated on the western border of the neighborhood. There is live music regularly at Newby&#39;s Memphis and The Bluff. This is a local gathering place for many U of M students.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew John Volstead House is the historic house in Granite Falls, Minnesota, of ten-term United States Congressman Andrew Volstead . It is now managed as a museum and the organizational headquarters of the Granite Falls Historical Society. Volstead became nationally synonymous with Prohibition in 1919 when, as chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, he was obliged to author the Volstead Act, enabling enforcement of the recently ratified Eighteenth Amendment. Volstead was a moderate progressive who coauthored the Capper–Volstead Act in 1922, which legalized agricultural cooperatives.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for having national significance in the areas of agriculture, politics/government, and social history. Two years later the house was declared a National Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The 1878 home is a wood-frame structure with a large two-story stairwell tower that was added on by Volstead shortly after he purchased the property in 1894. During Volstead&#39;s time, the first floor had a large screened porch; this has now been replaced by an open porch. The interior is adorned with oak woodwork and stained glass. Volstead moved to a new home in Granite Falls in 1930. The first Volstead House remained privately owned until 1974, when it was listed on the National Register and converted into a historic house museum. Five years later it was donated to the city.</p><br>
<p>The Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark in Sauk Centre, Minnesota, United States. From 1889 until 1902 it was the home of young Sinclair Lewis , who would become the most famous American novelist of the 1920s and the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. His most famous book, Main Street, was inspired by the town of Sauk Centre as Lewis perceived it from this home.</p><br>
<p>The Sinclair Lewis Foundation acquired the house in 1956 and has restored to its appearance during Lewis&#39;s boyhood. They offer tours regularly during the summer and by appointment throughout the rest of the year.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home is a two-story wood-frame building with an L-shaped footprint. It has a gable roof and clapboard siding. An open porch extends across the front façade, with slender, square-paneled posts supporting the porch roof and decorated with brackets and an entablature.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains eight rooms. The ground floor consists of a living room, dining room, and kitchen, the latter of which lets out into a small, enclosed porch. Upstairs are four bedrooms plus a bathroom which featured running water and a flush toilet.</p><br>
<p>At the rear of the lot stands a 1½-story frame carriage house.</p><br>
<h2>Lewis residency</h2><br>
<p>The Lewis family—headed by father Edwin J. Lewis and mother Emma Kermott Lewis—initially lived in a house directly across from this one on the south side of the street. Sinclair Lewis was born in that house on February 7, 1885, joining two older brothers, Fred (born 1875) and Claude (born 1878). When Lewis was just a few months old the family moved across the street into this house.</p><br>
<p>Edwin Lewis was a physician and conducted his medical practice out of the house, as was common at the time. Emma Lewis died in 1891, when Lewis was six. The following year Dr. Lewis married Isabel Warner, whose company young Lewis apparently enjoyed. He began reading books at a young age and kept a diary. He began writing as well, sometimes in the garret of the carriage house.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Lewis was a stern disciplinarian who had difficulty relating to his sensitive, unathletic third son. Throughout his lonely boyhood, the ungainly Lewis—tall, extremely thin, stricken with acne, and somewhat pop-eyed—had trouble gaining friends and pined after various local girls. At the age of 13 he unsuccessfully ran away from home, wanting to become a drummer boy in the Spanish–American War. In late 1902, at the age of 17, Lewis finally left Sauk Centre to attend school on the East Coast, ultimately graduating from Yale University in 1908.</p><br>
<p>Lewis&#39;s experiences growing up in Sauk Centre were the inspiration for his first novel, Main Street, published in 1920. Many episodes in the novel derive from real events in his youth. More crucially, he bared his frustrations with his outsider status, extolling small-town values while savaging those who were hypocritical about them.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>By the mid-20th century the house had been converted to a duplex, with the lower level dining room converted into a bedroom and bathroom and a kitchen installed on the second floor. Other alterations included stucco applied to the exterior, the ground floor kitchen partitioned and the door to the rear porch sealed, floors replaced, the front porch enclosed, and a dormer added to the roofline. In 1956 the Sinclair Lewis Foundation acquired the house. With assistance from the Minnesota Historical Society, they restored the house to its appearance during the time of Lewiss residence. In addition to reverting the numerous alterations, they brought back period wallpaper, reroofed the house and carriage house, installed HVAC equipment in the basement, and restored the grounds. The restoration was largely funded by the Foundations sale of the Sinclair Lewis birthplace house across the street, and was completed in 2003. The house is now furnished with appropriate period items, including several genuinely owned by the Lewis family.</p><br>
<p>The historic Calvary Episcopal Church was established in 1857 and is located at 821 South 4th Street Louisville, Kentucky. This stone gothic church was built in Old Louisville in 1888 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The church is a member parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>It has a Latin Cross plan. The NRHP nomination document describes its front as:The main facade consists of a central gable pierced by a massive equilateral arch window, and two flanking towers of differing shapes and heights. These elements of the exterior announce the three-part division of the interior. A modest porte-cochere is attached to the square tower at the southwest corner where a spire achieves a height of 250 feet. The entrance occupies a centered position, and its arched portion is enveloped by a rather plain accolade, as is the entrance to the square tower.</p><br>
<p>The Edward G. Acheson House is a historic house at 908 West Main St. in Monongahela, Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. Probably built about 1870, it is notable as the home of Edward G. Acheson , the inventor of carborundum, and as the likely site of its invention. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward G. Acheson House is located west of Monongahela&#39;s town center, on the south side of West Main Street roughly midway between 9th and 10th Streets. It is a vernacular -story painted brick building that is not architecturally distinguished. It is roughly L-shaped and covered by a hip roof, with a two-bay gabled projection in front. Its builder and construction date are not known; its styling is suggestive of a c. 1870s construction date.</p><br>
<p>Between 1890 and 1895 the house was the home of inventor Edward G. Acheson (1856–1931). Acheson, a native of nearby Washington, was a minimally educated, but in 1880 landed a job at the laboratory of Thomas Edison. After being involved in the installation of electricity infrastructure for Edison, he settled in 1890 in Monongahela, where he worked for the local electric utility, and used excess capacity to perform experiments at his home. A series of experiments in 1891 led to invention of carborundum, the name he gave silicon carbide. According to local lore, the experiments were probably conducted in a summer kitchen attached to the back of the house. He moved to Niagara Falls, New York in 1895, to take advantage of the large power station there to develop carborundum production on an industrial scale. He received international recognition for his invention.</p><br>
<p>Carborunudum is a mixture of clay and powdered coke, fused by electric current. It was then—and for fifty years remained—the hardest known artificial substance in the world. It has been used in countless industrial processes, primarily as an abrasive, over the years. Acheson&#39;s achievements are all the more remarkable in that he was self-educated and worked independently."</p><br>
<p>In 1953, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker outside the house, noting the historic importance of Acheson&#39;s achievements. It is designated as a historic residential landmark/farmstead by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Our Merciful Saviour in Louisville, Kentucky was established in 1891. The church is located at 473 South 11th Street in Louisville&#39;s near west end. This historic church was built in the Late Gothic Revival style and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Today the church is active member parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky and serves mostly the African American community.</p><br>
<p>The congregation took the name Church of Our Merciful Saviour in 1873. After an 1890-built building was destroyed in a fire in 1912, the present church was built. The building&#39;s design is tentatively attributed to Bertram Goodhue and has been asserted to be similar to his</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church in Asheville, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The church was sponsor of the first Boy Scout Troop for Negro boys in the United States in 1916.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Iron Mine is a former mine in Mountain Iron, Minnesota, United States. Opened in 1892, it was the first mine on the Mesabi Range, which has proved to be the largest iron ore deposit ever discovered in the United States. Mining operations at the site ceased in 1956. The bottom of the open-pit mine has filled with water but its dimensions are readily visible. The city maintains an overlook in Mountain Iron Locomotive Park.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Iron Mine was proclaimed a National Historic Landmark in 1968 and subsequently listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its national significance in the theme of industry. The property was nominated for setting in motion the extraction of iron ore on the Mesabi Range, which helped make Minnesota the nations largest iron producer and the United States the worlds largest steel manufacturer.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The discovery of a boulder of high-grade iron ore by Leonidas Merritt in 1887 during a railroad survey prompted he and his brothers to establish the Mountain Iron Mine in 1892. By 1893 the "Seven Iron Brothers" had claims on a significant portion of the Mesabi Range and had built the Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway (DM&IR). Financial conditions forced them to sell their shares to John D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller later sold his interests to Andrew Carnegie.</p><br>
<p>The early development was as an underground mine, but open-pit mining soon proved to be a better choice because of the soft, shallow ore deposits. The Mesabi Range and nearby Vermilion Range led Minnesota to become the nations largest producer of iron ore and the United States to lead the world in steel production. This capacity is considered to have been a major factor in Americas ability to contribute to World War II. It also played a major role in the financial success of Andrew Carnegie and USA Steel. Carnegie returned some of his fortune to the communities by funding 2,500 public Carnegie libraries across the world, including 64 in Minnesota. The extraction of ore in the region also contributed to the city of Duluth thriving and becoming the leading port in the United States (by tonnage) in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland Abbe House, also known as the Timothy Caldwell House and Monroe-Adams-Abbe House, is a historic house at 2017 "I" Street NW in Washington, D.C. Built in 1805, it is an excellent example of Federal period architecture. It has had a series of distinguished residents. Most notable are James Monroe, who occupied it as United States Secretary of War and as President of the United States while the White House was restored after the War of 1812, and historian Henry Adams. However, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 for its association with meteorologist Cleveland Abbe , the founder of the National Weather Service, who lived here from 1877 until his death. It is now home to the Arts Club of Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cleveland Abbe House stands on the George Washington University campus northwest of the White House, on the north side of "I" Street across from James Monroe Park and near its junction with Pennsylvania Avenue. It is a three-story brick row house built out of red brick and topped by a dormered gable roof. It is four bays wide, with the entrance in the leftmost bay. Windows are rectangular sash, with stone sills and splayed keystone lintels. A stone string course separates each of the floors from the next. The main entrance has an elaborate Federal surround, with sidelight windows and a large half-round transom window. The interior of the house retains its original Federal period finishes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Timothy Caldwell built the house around 1802 to 1805. James Monroe lived there from 1811 to 1817, a period during which he was Secretary of State and War Secretary. From his inauguration as America&#39;s fifth President in March 1817 until the White House was fully restored in September 1817, the Cleveland Abbe House served as the Presidential residence. In the 1820s, the house was occupied by the British legation. Henry Adams lived here with his parents, Charles Francis Adams Sr. and Abigail Brooks, from 1860 to 1861.</p><br>
<p>Cleveland Abbe, founder of the USA Weather Bureau, lived here from 1877 to 1909. It was during his ownership that a number of alterations were made to the house. He raised it from to stories, demolished some of its outbuildings, and built additional rooms in the rear. After Abbe died in 1916, the Arts Club of Washington purchased the building.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Arts Club of Washington" in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Lac qui Parle County Courthouse, located at 600 6th Street in Madison, Lac qui Parle County in the USA state of Minnesota is a Richardsonian Romanesque style building featuring a high central tower, built in 1899 at a cost of $30,689.</p><br>
<p>Architects Buechner and Jacobson designed it and Olaf Swenson of Saint Paul built it.</p><br>
<p>The foundation is of river boulders; the outside walls are red brick with sandstone accents. The interior features oak cabinetry, stairways, doors, and paneling. Floors are hardwood, except for the quarry tile in the hallways and marble treads on the stairs.</p><br>
<p>The Pipestone County Courthouse, located at 416 South Hiawatha in the city of Pipestone, Pipestone County in the USA state of Minnesota is a Beaux Arts style building featuring a Renaissance dome on a clock tower with heavily rusticated masonry and Sioux quartzite. A bronze Lady Justice stands on the dome. The interior is finished with elaborate oak woodwork. A multicolored mantle in the foyer was constructed from pipestone in a Native American motif. The building was constructed by C.H. Peltier of Faribault for $45,175.</p><br>
<p>The Steele County Courthouse is the seat of government for Steele County, located in Owatonna, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1891. The courthouse is a three-story Austin red-brick building with red mortar, accented with Lake Superior brown stone. It was designed by T. Dudley Allen of Minneapolis in a Romanesque Revival and Italianate style, featuring corner towers, a turret, and a large clock on four sides. Windows are arched and a statue representing Mercy, Law, and Justice sits above the north face of the building. Polished granite columns support double arches at the entrances. The interior is decorated with wainscoting, woodwork, and an ornate oak staircase. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated for its Romanesque Revival architecture and long service as Steele County&#39;s government seat.</p><br>
<p>Steele County&#39;s previous county courthouse, built in 1874, was also listed on the National Register but was demolished in 1987 and removed from the register. The current courthouse is also a contributing property to the Owatonna Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Waseca County Courthouse is the seat of government for Waseca County in Waseca, Minnesota, United States. The 1897 Richardsonian Romanesque building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its state-level significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated for being the home of the county&#39;s government and for the role that achieving county seat status had on the development of the city.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Waseca County Courthouse is a two-story building of Kasota limestone and buff-colored brick, with a large bell- and clock-tower. It was designed by Minneapolis architects Orff and Joralemon and constructed by J. D. Carroll of St. Paul Park for $55,833. It features polished granite columns supporting triple arches at the entrance. The interior is decorated with wainscoting, oak woodwork, tiled fireplaces, etched glass, paneled doors, and marble flooring.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the Waseca County Courthouse embodies a surge of effort to relocate the countys seat of government. With Waseca Countys organization in 1857, Wilton had been given county seat status. A decade later, however, the Winona and St. Peter Railroad opted to route their tracks 4 mi north of Wilton through the unassuming town of Waseca. Efforts to move the county seat to the suddenly booming town culminated in a popular vote during the 1870 election. The proposal passed and the county&#39;s records and courthouse furniture were moved that very night to a new facility in Waseca, which opened for business the following day. This facility was replaced by the current courthouse in 1897.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Episcopal Church, built in 1872–1873, is an historic Carpenter Gothic church in Saugatuck, Michigan. On February 27, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Episcopal service in the vicinity of Saugatuck was conducted by Reverend J. Rice Taylor in 1862. The Saugatuck Episcopal congregation was officially organized in 1868. Taylor, who had been assigned to the parish in Holland, Michigan, acted as a missionary minister. The congregation immediately began planning for a church building, and in 1871 purchased the lot that this church sits on. Rev. Taylor was instrumental in raising funds for the church, both within and outside of the parish.</p><br>
<p>The congregation hired Detroit architect Gordon W. Lloyd to design the new church, and local workmen George Harnes, George E. Dunn, and William Dunning to construct it. Construction began in 1872, and although the church was not yet complete, the first service was held in January 1873. The church was substantially completed by the end of 1874. However, the building was poorly outfitted, and over the next few years, funds were raised to install stained glass windows, carpets, a reed organ, lamps, and seats.</p><br>
<p>Saugatuck&#39;s fortunes declined over the next few decades, as lumbering slowed and the population fell. By 1892, the church entered a period of disuse, lacking a priest and it was vandalized. However, by 1907, Saugatuck had become a popular summering spot, and the church became renewed, regaining a priest. Regular services were once again held in the church, and its infrastructure upgraded The church continues to be used by the Episcopal congregation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>All Saints Episcopal Church is a board-and-batten Gothic Revival structure with a gable roof and tower located on one corner containing the main entrance. The facades have lancet windows.</p><br>
<p>The interior has pine flooring and a vertical-board, beaded wainscoting. The ceiling is constructed against the underside of the roof, and supported by exposed wooden trusses. The nave has a center aisle with pews on each side.</p><br>
<p>The Adams Academy was a school for boys in Quincy, Massachusetts founded by President John Adams, who outlined his wishes for a school to be built on the site of John Hancocks birthplace in an 1822 deed of trust. Opened in 1872, the Academy operated as a college preparatory school for just over three decades, ultimately closing in 1908. Today, the property is still owned by Adams original trust, the Adams Temple and School Fund, and its landmark Ware and Van Brunt building has been leased to the Quincy Historical Society for several decades.</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>President John Adams (1735-1826) was a native of the northern precinct of Braintree, Massachusetts, which later became the town of Quincy, Massachusetts. In 1822, Adams executed several deeds of trust to convey a portion of his estate assets to a trust, the Adams Temple and School Fund, with the Town of Quincy named as its fiduciary trustee.</p><br>
<p>The fund was established to ensure the realization of several specific charitable intentions recorded by Adams, who instructed the trustee to engage in income-generating activity through trust-permitted uses of the fund&#39;s real property asset portfolio, comprising approximately 160 acre across multiple parcels in Quincy, and to "invest and re-invest" this income in "some solid public fund, either of the Commonwealth, or of the United States" to maximize the monetary value of the fund.</p><br>
<p>When a sufficient amount of financial capital was accumulated, Adams&#39; instructions called firstly for the construction and furnishing of a congregational church, and secondly, for the founding of a Latin and Greek academy for boys and the construction of a suitable schoolhouse. Adams advised that both structures be built from local Quincy granite sourced from his quarry lands.</p><br>
<p>A parcel consisting of 8 acre in Quincy Center was chosen for the schoolhouse, with Adams request that the structure be erected specifically upon the "ancient cellar" of a former house built and inhabited by John Hancock Sr. and his family — the birthplace of Hancocks son, founding father and Governor of Massachusetts John Hancock — and later occupied by several eras of influential Quincy figures and families personally revered by Adams, including Adams&#39; childhood pastor and members of the Quincy political family, including Colonel Josiah Quincy I and his son, revolutionary patriot and lawyer Josiah Quincy II.</p><br>
<p>Adams wish was for the church to be constructed first; the First Parish Church was completed in 1828, just two years after Adams passing. The school came significantly later — approximately fifty years after the founding of the Adams Fund, its board of supervisors hired the architects William Robert Ware and Henry Van Brunt to design the schoolhouse. Architectural plans were approved in 1869, and the firm of Messrs. Clement and Creasy was contracted for the school&#39;s construction. The Adams Academy building was finished in 1871 at a cost of $29,000.</p><br>
<h2>History of the academy</h2><br>
<p>The Adams Academy opened its doors in 1872, and remained in operation until 1908. Its peak enrollment was 140 students during the 1876–77 school year.</p><br>
<p>The Academy was modeled after its athletic rivals, Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy.</p><br>
<h2>Later uses of the building</h2><br>
<p>After the Academy closed, the Adams Temple and School Fund sought other uses for the building that were in keeping with John Adams&#39; original bequest. For many years, it was used by a variety of civic organizations, including the Boy Scouts, American Legion, and the Red Cross. In the 1950s and 60s, it was the home of the local military draft board.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the building was leased to the Quincy Historical Society, which is now its tenant. The Society uses the building as a museum and library.</p><br>
<h2>Adams Academy today</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994. It is located at 8 Adams Street.</p><br>
<p>Emmanuel Episcopal Church is a historic Carpenter Gothic church located on Main Street in Eastsound on Orcas Island, Washington. On December 12, 1994, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>Emmanuel Episcopal Church (added 1994 - Building - #94001431)</p><br>
<p>Main St., Eastsound</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Exploration/Settlement</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1875–1899, 1900–1924</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The church is still functioning.</p><br>
<p>The Hendrick Hopper Homestead is located at 724 Ackerman Avenue in the borough of Glen Rock in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was built in the early 19th century. It was home to the Hopper Family and is located on the corner of Ackerman Avenue and Hillman Avenue. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission . This house is occupied by a family.</p><br>
<p>A blue sign stands in front of the house that reads:</p><br>
<p>Hopper Homestead</p><br>
<p>North wing built 1780 by Hendrick Hopper in area then called “small lots.” Center section erected by son, John, in early 1800s. The farmhouse was sold to the Hillmann family in 1895 ending four generations and 115 years of continuous Hopper ownership.</p><br>
<p>The Hopper Family burying ground is also located behind the Hopper Homestead where the farms of Garrett E. Hopper and Hendrick H. Hopper met. Descendants of Hendrick Jan Hopper are buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Hendrick I. Lott House is a historic home located at 1940 East 36th Street between Fillmore Avenue and Avenue S, in Marine Park, Brooklyn, New York City. Lott House, one of the oldest Dutch Colonial houses in Brooklyn, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a New York City designated landmark. The house remains structurally sound and virtually unchanged from the time Hendrick Lott constructed it in 1800, incorporating a section of the 1720 original homestead built by his grandfather, Johannes Lott.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>18th and 19th centuries</h3><br>
<p>Family patriarch Johannes Lott, a member of the New York Colonial Assembly, purchased land from Coert Van Voorhees in the rural area of Flatlands in 1719 to use for farming. Lott expanded the family holdings from Kings Highway south to Jamaica Bay and "Lott&#39;s Landing." On this property, Johannes built his homestead just east of the present house. Johannes died in 1775, leaving the farm to Johannes Jr., who occupied the property until 1792.</p><br>
<p>The Lott family quickly became leaders in the area. When Hendrick I. Lott married Mary Brownjohn in 1792, he found his grandfathers house was too small, too old, and too outmoded for an established member of a prominent family. Hendrick built a larger, grander house, combining Dutch architecture with that of the English, making it into a distinctly American building. Hendrick did not abandon his grandfathers house entirely, however. Moved to the eastern end of the new house, and it served as the kitchen wing. He balanced this 1720 wing with a west wing, creating a symmetrical composition. Although Hendrick added Federal-style dormer windows, the gambrel roof with graceful spring eaves is typical of the Dutch colonial architectural style. The interior features 18 rooms organized in a center hall plan.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, at its peak, the Lotts’ farm included more than 200 acre. Like most large farmers in southern Kings County, the Lotts relied heavily on the labor of slaves to grow the crops that they sold in the markets of Brooklyn and Manhattan. They held the most slaves in the neighborhood. Legal documents from 1803 showed that elders, who were inefficient field workers, were less valued than children and adults. After 1799 however, the value of all slaves began to decline. New York wanted to free male slaves born after July 4, 1799, who had served their masters until age 28. Females, on the other hand, would be freed by the age of 25 if they met the same qualifications. These actions by the state made holding slaves more difficult. Therefore, the Lotts freed all but one of their slaves by 1805, long before the abolition of slavery in New York State in 1827. The Lotts then hired the freed slaves back as paid workers. These actions taken by the Lotts support the claim that they were abolitionists. Later, it is said, the House may have served as a stop on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>By 1825 the 200 acre farm, on which the Lotts raised cabbage, potatoes, vegetables, and wheat, included outbuildings, barns, and a separate stone kitchen. The kitchen foundation, located between the home and the present East 36th Street, was excavated in 1998 by the Brooklyn College Archaeological Research Center.</p><br>
<h3>Later use</h3><br>
<p>For two centuries, descendants of the Lotts lived in the homestead and used the land for farming. The last farmer, John Bennett Lott, died in 1923. Most of the land was sold, leaving only three-quarters of an acre (0.3 ha) surrounding the house. The last Lott descendant to live there, Ella Suydam, a great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Johannes Lott, lived in the house until she died in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Ph.D. candidates who grew up in the neighborhood found windowless rooms inside the house. They believed that slaves had slept in those rooms. Below the floors of those rooms, they found corncobs in star or cross shapes and other spiritual objects that showed mutual religious practices between slaves who worked there and Africans in West Africa. These spiritual objects were believed to serve the purpose of connecting the two worlds of the living and the dead.</p><br>
<p>Now the Hendrick I. Lott House sits at its original location on three-quarters of an acre (0.3 ha) of land. The house was bought by the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation in 2001 and is operated by the Hendrick I. Lott House Preservation Association, and is a member of the Historic House Trust. Restoration of the structural skeleton and the roof began in the mid-2000s, and the restoration of the interior was set to commence in 2019. The restoration of the Lott House is a joint effort of the City of New York/Parks & Recreation, Historic House Trust of New York City, Marine Park Civic Association, and Hendrick I. Lott House Preservation Association.</p><br>
<p>During the restoration, the house was occasionally opened to the public; visitors were encouraged to check out the "closet that is believed to have been a temporary haven for slaves escaping along the Underground Railroad".</p><br>
<p>The Black Rapids Roadhouse, also known as the Rapids Roadhouse and the Rapids Hunting Lodge, is a historic Alaskan structure along the Richardson Highway in east-central Alaska. It was built in 1902. Construction of the Alaska Railroad led to a decline in the 1920s, but the original roadhouse continued to operate until 1993. A new, modern lodge was built near the roadhouse in 2001 and the original building is preserved as a historical curiosity and tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>The original roadhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Black Rapids Glacier</h2><br>
<p>Black Rapids Roadhouse is across the Delta River from the Black Rapids Glacier. For three months in 1937 the Black Rapids Glacier made national news by advancing across the valley at the rate of a mile a month-it was known as the "galloping glacier." The 27 mi long glacier has since retreated, but the moraine can still be seen from Richardson Highway pullout.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rapids Roadhouse, variously known as Black Rapids Roadhouse or Rapids Hunting Lodge, opened at least by 1904 to serve travelers on the new Valdez-Fairbanks Trail. Of more than thirty roadhouses that operated along the route between 1902 and 1923, Rapids Roadhouse is one of the few that survive.</p><br>
<p>Rapids Roadhouse continued to operate until 1993, although its peak years had been during the first decades of the 20th century. Because of this, period of significance ended in 1923.</p><br>
<p>Wawaset Park is a planned community national historic district located on the western edge of the City of Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. The area was formerly the grounds of Schuetzen Park, a horse racing and later auto racing track and fairgrounds. It was purchased in 1917 by the DuPont Company and developed into single-family houses, semi-detached and row houses to meet the housing need for the company&#39;s expanding corporate staff. The historic district encompasses 321 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood&#39;s design by noted Baltimore architect Edward L. Palmer Jr., with curvilinear streets and ample lawns giving it the setting of a suburb within the city, was influenced by the work of Frederick Law Olmsted, and its architecture includes Tudor cottages, Georgian mansions, and elements of the Picturesque and Gothic styles. The dwellings are unified by slate roofing.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>It is in the Red Clay Consolidated School District. Zoned schools are Highlands Elementary School, Alexis I. du Pont Middle School, and Alexis I. du Pont High School.</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage, located in Ho-Ho-Kus, Bergen County, in the USA state of New Jersey, is a fourteen-room Gothic Revival house museum built in 1847–48 from designs by William H. Ranlett for Elijah Rosencrantz, Jr. Members of the Rosencrantz family owned The Hermitage estate from 1807 to 1970. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark for the excellence of its architecture and added to National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1767, the original colonial estate was purchased by Ann Bartow DeVisme who moved to Ho-Ho-Kus from Manhattan with five children. One of Ann&#39;s daughters, Theodosia Bartow Prevost, and her husband James Marcus Prevost, occupied another house on the property, downhill from the present structure, nearer to the mill ponds. During the American Revolutionary War, while Major (later Lieutenant Colonel) Prevost was fighting for the British in Georgia and South Carolina, the women and children were left alone in Ho-Ho-Kus.</p><br>
<p>In July 1778, word reached Theodosia that George Washington and his troops would be passing through Ho-Ho-Kus on their way from the recent battle at Monmouth Courthouse to White Plains in Westchester County, New York. When the General and his entourage stopped at a local house, Theodosia sent an invitation to Washington for him and his men to come and stay at The Hermitage.</p><br>
<p>Visitors to the house during the Revolution included James Monroe, William Paterson, the Marquis de Lafayette, Alexander Hamilton, Lord Stirling and Aaron Burr. In 1782, after her husband was killed during the War, Theodosia Prevost married Aaron Burr at The Hermitage. For a period of time they lived in a small house adjacent to The Hermitage.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>In 1847, the house was remodeled in the Gothic Revival style by architect William H. Ranlett. The stone house was originally built in a Dutch-American tradition.</p><br>
<p>The large house consisted of wood-shingled roofs and pointed gables, allowing the classical music that played to be enjoyed along with the beautiful architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Hermitage is owned by the State of New Jersey and is a museum, open to the public year-round, financed and operated by The Friends of the Hermitage, Inc., a non-profit organization. The home and land were willed by Mary Elizabeth to the State of New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>Today, The Hermitage represents Bergen County&#39;s first National Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Wilkin County Courthouse is the primary government building of Wilkin County, Minnesota, United States, located in the city of Breckenridge. Built from 1928 to 1929, the courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated for being Wilkin County&#39;s seat of government and for its well-preserved architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wilkin County Courthouse is a two-story building with a raised basement, constructed of cream-colored brick and Indiana limestone. Its architectural elements suggest Beaux-Arts style, but flattened and squared off to conform to the Moderne aesthetics of the 1920s. Tall brick pilasters extend to a cornice, which is topped by a high parapet with the inscription "To None Will We Delay, To None Will We Deny, Right or Justice." The flat roofline disguises that the building has a stained-glass dome over its central hall. Over the main doorway is a transom window and a cornice topped by a 4 ft stone eagle. Other details include carved rosettes and garlands. Interior features include terrazzo floors, steel and bronze doors, ornamental plaster, pink Tennessee marble wainscoting, and brass trim. Murals represent life in 19th-century Wilkin County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current building was constructed as a replacement for an 1883 courthouse that burned down in 1924. It was designed by Saint Paul architects Buechner & Orth, and the firm of Redlinger & Hanson was paid $203,492 to build it. The inscription across the top of the building is a quote from Magna Carta.</p><br>
<p>Woodford is a historic mansion at Ford Road and Greenland Drive in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built, it is the first of Philadelphia&#39;s great colonial Georgian mansion houses to be built, and exemplifies the opulence of such houses. A National Historic Landmark, it now a historic house museum open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Woodford is the first of the great, opulent, late-Georgian mansions to be erected in the Philadelphia area. Woodford was built on 12 acre of land as a 1½-story summer residence by William Coleman, a wealthy merchant and justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>Upon Colemans death in 1769, the house was sold to Alexander Barclay, a Quaker who served as His Majestys Customs Comptroller for the port of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Upon Barclay&#39;s death in 1771, the house was bought by his brother-in-law, David Franks, who in 1772 added a second story and a kitchen wing, enlarging the house to almost its present size.</p><br>
<p>In 1778, Franks, a staunch loyalist, was arrested and ordered to leave. He took his family to New York City, and transferred the property to Thomas Paschall in settlement of a debt. Paschall is believed never to have lived at the house, but rented it out. He sold it to Isaac Wharton in 1793.</p><br>
<p>In 1869, the city bought Woodford from Whartons heirs to add to Fairmount Park. The house served as the home of the Parks Chief Engineer and Supervisor, and later, in 1912, as the Park Guard headquarters and traffic court.</p><br>
<p>The building was restored, commencing in 1927, and in 1930, it was opened to the public as a house museum, which it remains today. It houses, under the direction of the Naomi Wood Trust, the Naomi Wood collection of antique household goods, including Colonial furniture, unusual clocks, and English delftware.</p><br>
<p>Woodford was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967. It is a contributing property of the Fairmount Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse, located at 15 Kellogg Boulevard West in Saint Paul, Ramsey County, in the U.S state of Minnesota is a twenty-story Art Deco skyscraper completed in 1932. This was built during the Great Depression, the era of high unemployment and falling prices, the four million dollar budget for the building was underspent, and the quality of materials and craftsmanship exceeded initial expectations. The exterior consists of smooth Indiana limestone in the Art Deco style known as "American Perpendicular", which was designed by Thomas Ellerbe & Company of Saint Paul and Holabird & Root of Chicago and inspired by Finnish architect, Eliel Saarinen. The vertical rows of windows are linked by plain, flat, black spandrels. Above the Fourth Street entrance, and flanking the Kellogg Boulevard entrance, are relief sculptures carved by Lee Lawrie.</p><br>
<p>The interior design in the "Zigzag Moderne" style drew its inspiration from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, which promoted soft ornamentation and sensuous curves. In Memorial Hall, the white marble floor contrasts with three-story black marble piers leading to a gold-leaf ceiling. At the end of the hall is the 60-ton, 38 ft white onyx Indian God of Peace by Carl Milles (later renamed Vision of Peace). Other features includes woodwork fashioned out of twenty-three different species of wood, and also uses five different types of imported marble. Murals were painted by John W. Norton while the six bronze elevator doors were made by Albert Stewart.</p><br>
<p>The Castle Museum, previously known as Castle Station or Saginaw Post Office, in Saginaw, Michigan, United States is a historic structure on the National Register of Historic Places. It is currently the home of the Historical Society of Saginaw County and officially known as the Castle Museum of Saginaw County History.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Castle Museum was designed by William Martin Aiken, the Supervising Architect of the US Treasury, and built in 1898 as a United States Post Office under a federal building program to reflect the ethnic and cultural heritage of its community. A final decision to demolish was made in February 1935 more protests followed and a compromise was made on February 17, 1935 the building would be extensively remodeled. The building was remodeled by local architect Carl Macomber, who enlarged the building by adding wings on both ends using limestone from the same quarry as the original building, tore down one of the three turrets, and added a large sorting room on the back of the building by Hoyt Library. Construction was completed in 1937 and Postmaster General James A. Farley labeled the building “memorial to President Roosevelt”. In the 1970s, a new post office was built and the building was almost demolished once again, but local citizens and the Saginaw County Board of Commissioners took steps to list the building on the National Register of Historic Places to ensure the preservation of the building and the local heritage it represents.</p><br>
<h2>Exhibits</h2><br>
<p>Some of the interesting items on permanent display include a 1914 Saginaw cyclecar, archaeology exhibit, and a lumbering exhibit. The museum changes displays on a regular basis and nearly all have a Saginaw connection.</p><br>
<p>Castle Museum 2 - Saginaw Michigan.jpg</p><br>
<p>Castle Museum rear - Saginaw Michigan.jpg</p><br>
<p>Former Castle Station post office- Saginaw Michigan.png</p><br>
<p>The Doane University Historic Buildings are located on the Doane University campus at 1014 Boswell Avenue in Crete, Nebraska, United States. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, there are three buildings included: Gaylord Hall, Whitcomb Conservatory/Lee Memorial Chapel, and Boswell Observatory.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>Gaylord Hall was built in 1884 as a womens dormitory. Boswell Observatory is a small structure built in 1883–84 to house Doane Colleges program in astronomy and meteorology. The Whitcomb Lee Conservatory was completed in 1907.</p><br>
<p>The Whitcomb Lee Conservatory, also known as The Con, is a two-story building designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Dean and Dean in 1905. It was completed in 1907, and originally housed Lee Memorial Chapel and the music department. It is a five-sided brick building that. In 2005 the building was renovated, and currently provides facilities for the university&#39;s theatre department and speech team. The conservatory was winner of the 2005 AIA Nebraska Design Award for its restoration.</p><br>
<p>Gaylord Hall was the third building constructed on the Doane College campus and was completed in 1884. Built in a late Victorian residential style, the hall was originally a residence hall for female students called Ladies Hall. It was renamed after Reverend Reuben Gaylord, a pioneer home missionary and Christian educator in Iowa and Nebraska. It is rumored by students to be haunted.</p><br>
<p>Camp Billings is a co-ed, summer camp on Lake Fairlee in West Fairlee and Thetford, Vermont, United States. Accredited by the American Camp Association, it was established in 1906, and is open by boys and girls between the ages of eight and sixteen. In 2006, it was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Camp activities include sailing, backpacking, boating, canoeing, windsurfing, swimming, snorkeling, diving, water sports, music, paddleboarding, tennis, arts and crafts, archery, waterskiing, teen club, junior program, fishing, ropes (zip lining, the infamous Holy Cow Swing, etc.), and drama. The camp also offers canoeing and backpacking trips, either during the day, or overnight.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Camp Billings was founded in 1906 under the sponsorship of the local YMCA district by Dr. Garnder Cobb and Julia Billings, wife of businessman and conservationist Frederick Billings of Woodstock, Vermont. The land was first leased, and then purchased for the camp by members of the Billings family. It is believed to be the second-oldest active summer camp in the state. The camp saw significant growth through the 1920s, and continued its growth after lean years of the Great Depression and World War II. In 1957, its first director, Archibald Hurd, retired, creating a gap that was temporarily filled by volunteer alumni and staff. He was replaced by Ralph Lawrence who was director until 1995. John and Anne Freitas were directors from 1996 to 2000 and Bob Green was the Director from 2001 to 2018. A metal plate on the clock tower at the camp reads: “ Bob was Roasted here- July 29, 2018 “. Anne and Sean Collins are the current directors. Anne and Sean Collins are both educators who have themselves spent decades at Billings. Both were campers during the 1990s before joining the staff. Ann ran the office for many years, while Sean served as CIT director where he trained staff for nearly a decade. The camp has continued to grow, and is now managed by a non-profit organization no longer affiliated with the YMCA.</p><br>
<p>The Perryman Ranch Headquarters is located in the current Jackson County, Oklahoma, north and east of the town of East Duke, Oklahoma. The headquarters is the location of an original dry-laid rock half-dugout and rock corral from the late 19th century</p><br>
<p>The Perryman Ranch Headquarters, as designated by the National Register of Historic Places and the Oklahoma Historical Society can be found at the listed location - Perryman Ranch Headquarters.2 mile East of Jct. of County Roads #N193 & #E159, 4/4/07, A, C, D, 07000260.</p><br>
<p>Jackson County, Oklahoma was once a part of old Greer County, Texas, Greer County, Oklahoma Territory and now a part of the State of Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The Perryman Ranch Headquarters first served the Alonzo Perryman family starting in July 1888. Still owned by the grandson of Alonzo Perryman the homestead including the architectural establishments of the rock half-dugout and rock corral are a testament to a family that endured through tough times on the plains of Texas/Oklahoma and the Dust Bowl.</p><br>
<p>The Railway Exchange Building, also known as Santa Fe Building, is a 17-story office building in the Historic Michigan Boulevard District of the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It was designed by Frederick P. Dinkelberg of D. H. Burnham & Company in the Chicago style. Dinkelberg was also the associate designer to Daniel Burnham for the Flatiron Building in New York City.</p><br>
<p>It opened in 1904 at 224 South Michigan Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The building is recognizable by the large "Motorola" logo on the roof, which is visible from Grant Park across Michigan Ave and from Lake Michigan. It is also notable for the round, porthole-like windows along the cornice. The center of the building features a lightwell, which was covered with a skylight in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The formal entrance to the building is located on Jackson Boulevard, which in 1904 was a more important street than Michigan Avenue. The impressive entrance is believed to have been required by Daniel Burnham, head of the architectural firm and the buildings main stockholder. The firm moved its offices to the fourteenth floor, and Burnhams descendants continued ownership in the building until 1952. This Chicago School of Architecture building with Beaux Arts detailing is organized as a classicization of John Wellborn Root&#39;s Rookery. A street-level, two-story enclosed court designed in a symmetrical Beaux-Arts style was surmounted by an open lightwell which was surrounded by a ring of offices. By the formal arched entrance on Jackson Boulevard, a large staircase led to shops and a second-floor balcony. White-glazed terracotta sheaths the exterior façade and interior court and the lightwell is lined with white-glazed brick. Classical designs were used for the ornamental dentils, balusters, and column capitals. The building is completely steel-framed. In July 2012, the Santa Fe sign was replaced with an illuminated Motorola sign when Motorola Solutions began a lease on one floor of the building. The Santa Fe letters were given to the Illinois Railway Museum. After a four-year restoration, the sign was put on display at the museum in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The building is significant as a historic site because Daniel Burnham and his staff made the 1909 Plan of Chicago in a penthouse on the northeast corner of the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>The building was originally built as a railway exchange for the Santa Fe railway. Burnham & Company had offices on the 14th floor. Though the firm&#39;s successor, Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, has moved, a number of architectural organizations still practice there, including the Goettsch Partners, VOA Associates, Harding Partners, and the Chicago offices of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and landscape architecture and planning firm, Design Workshop.</p><br>
<p>The building was purchased by the University of Notre Dame in 2006. The university&#39;s Mendoza College of Business began holding classes there in 2008.</p><br>
<p>From 2009 to 2018, visitors enjoyed the 320-square-foot Chicago Architecture Foundation scale model of central Chicago in the building&#39;s atrium.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, Anacostia Rail Holdings moved its corporate headquarters to the Railway Exchange Building.</p><br>
<h2>Position in Chicago&#39;s skyline</h2><br>
<p>The Railway Exchange Building appears (unlabelled) in front of Three First National Plaza in the image below:</p><br>
<p>The Astor Fur Warehouse is a historic fur warehouse located at Bolvin and Water Streets on St. Feriole Island in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Jean Joseph Rolette, an agent of the American Fur Company, built the warehouse in 1828. The warehouse was used until the mid-19th century; it has since been incorporated into the Villa Louis museum. The building, now a National Historic Landmark, is the only known surviving fur trade warehouse in the upper Mississippi valley.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two-story warehouse was built from locally extracted limestone. The three-bay front facade faces the Mississippi River. A wooden beam, which was possibly inspired by Greek Revival designs, separates the first- and second-story front windows. Quoins mark the corners of the building. A staircase on the north side of the warehouse leads to an entrance on the second floor. The interior consists of three one-room floors; a hoist system moved fur between the floors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prairie du Chien became a fur trading center in the 18th century, largely due to the French and Canadian fur trade on the Mississippi River. After 1763 the trade came to be controlled by British firms, although many of the traders were men of French descent, although a growing number were Metis (a slur used for a person of both European and Native American descent). The North West Company was particularly influential in the city, as it built an office and warehouse there circa 1805. In 1816, however, a new USA Law blocked foreign participation in the fur trade within the Louisiana Territory, greatly limiting British and Canadian firms roles in the Mississippi River trade. John Jacob Astors American Fur Company took advantage of the law by opening a post in Prairie du Chien in 1817, and it soon became the dominant trading firm on the Upper Mississippi. Jean Joseph Rolette was the company&#39;s first agent in the city, and he built the warehouse circa 1828.</p><br>
<p>In the 1820s and 1830s, the American Fur Company continued to control the Upper Mississippi fur trade and expanded its influence throughout the Louisiana Territory. Rolette and two partners split a separate fur trading business, also called the American Fur Company, from the original company in 1842; the new company rented the warehouse from its parent firm. Over the next two decades, the fur trade began to decline in Prairie du Chien, and Rolette&#39;s company ultimately closed its warehouse. The building was variously used as a warehouse, store, and machine shop over the next century. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1960 and opened as a historical museum in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The New York State Armory is in Poughkeepsie, New York. Built in 1891, it is a Romanesque building designed by Isaac G. Perry, then the New York State Architect, who also designed the state capitol and 26 other armories. In 1982 the Armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 it was sold to the Greater New York Seventh-Day Adventists Church in a public auction and is planned for community programs and recreation.</p><br>
<p>Located at the junction of Church (eastbound US 44/NY 55) and Market streets downtown, it is across from the Old YMCA. It is a two-and-a-half-story structure made of brick and rusticated sandstone, visible to traffic entering Poughkeepsie from the west via the Mid-Hudson Bridge. Its interior features, such as oak lockers, staircases and floors, are well-preserved. It also retains the original pressed metal ceilings and light fixtures.</p><br>
<p>Governor David Hill attended the cornerstone laying on Memorial Day (then called Decoration Day) in 1891, and spoke of the importance of maintaining state-level military facilities and the respectability conferred by service in the Guard. The armory was completed the following year.</p><br>
<p>Troops were later deployed from here to the Spanish–American War and both 20th-century world wars. It has been host to a variety of events from basketball tournaments to birthday parties for Franklin D. Roosevelt, a resident of nearby Hyde Park. The Company A, 101st Signal Battalion of the New York Army National Guard were stationed in the Armory, however, in 2011 the National Guard moved the remaining 200 soldiers stationed there to Camp Smith down the Hudson River near Peekskill.</p><br>
<p>The Beltrami County Courthouse is a historic government building in Bemidji, Minnesota, United States. It was erected in 1902 as the seat of government for Beltrami County. District court functions relocated in 1974 to the newly completed Beltrami County Judicial Center immediately to the southwest, and the historic courthouse has been remodeled to house government offices. The old courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 for its state-level significance in the themes of architecture and politics/government. It was nominated for its status in Beltrami County as its long-serving center government and as its most prominent example of public architecture and Beaux-Arts style.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Beltrami County Courthouse is a three-story, red, brick-and-sandstone building in the Beaux-Arts style. Its most striking feature is its rotunda, which occupies the center of the main hall on the first floor and extends past the second floor into the dome. A railing surmounted by a brass guardrail circles the rotunda on the second floor. On the exterior, a convex dome rises above an arcaded tower topped by a statue of blind Lady Justice with her scale.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>After Beltrami County was organized in 1897, local court proceedings took place in a cold, drafty building on the corner of Fourth Street and Beltrami Avenue. The county grew quickly, and by 1902 citizens were pushing for a new courthouse. In an election held on March 11 that year, voters approved a bond issue of $50,000 to be used for a new jail and courthouse. Although two saloon owners from Shevlin challenged the legality of the bond election, a judge dismissed their case on June 7, 1902, and construction of the new courthouse began.</p><br>
<p>At the time, Beltrami County already owned all of the land in Block Seven, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, which was only a few blocks north of the old courthouse. Architects Kinney & Detweiler of Minneapolis drew up plans for a Beaux-Arts-style building, square in shape, to be constructed out of red sandstone and bricks from a local brickyard.</p><br>
<p>A bid of $39,975 from Schmidt Bros. was accepted on May 24, 1902, with the understanding that the courthouse would be ready for occupancy by December 1. While construction was underway, O. M. Jellestad spent thirteen nights at the old building guarding the auditors and treasurers records after the vault doors were removed to new courthouse. The county board of commissioners approved the building on December 12, 1902; the court held its first session in the space on January 3, 1903.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>When the building first opened, visitors reached the courtroom via a double flight of stairs. The courtroom, which had covered half of the third floor, was remodeled and condensed to make space for offices in 1937.</p><br>
<p>The space on the cupola intended for a clock served instead as an open-sky observation point during the Cold War. During the 1950s, volunteers stationed there watched for uncharted planes entering Bemidji airspace. This area was later glassed in.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, county auditor Wayne Alsop noticed a staircase inside the courthouse leading to an attic. Inside it, he and Jay Griggs discovered artifacts and written records, including tax books dating to 1897, underneath rafters more than ten inches thick. They also found the scales originally held by the statue of Justice, which had fallen down during a 1971 storm and been moved to the attic for storage.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a large annex began in June 1973 and ended in July 1974. The finished structure housed two courtrooms on its first floor, and court personnel moved from the old courthouse to the annex in July 1974. In 1976 the county remodeled the old courtroom into office space. On December 13, 1977, one day after the courthouse celebrated its diamond jubilee, the board of commissioners received bids for a complete remodeling at an anticipated price of $425,000.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 16, 1988. Thanks to a $20,000 matching grant from the Minnesota Historical Society, it was renovated in 2000. The grant money funded the restoration of the stairs, pillars, and retaining walls at the building&#39;s east entrance.</p><br>
